The gut – center of the immune system

The gut is far more than just a digestive organ – it is the center of our immune system. Over 70% of all immune cells are located here, and a healthy gut flora protects us daily from pathogens. But what happens when this delicate system gets out of balance? For people with histamine issues, gut health plays a key role: a compromised gut can not only weaken immune defense but also limit the breakdown of histamine. In this article, you will learn how the gut, immune system, and histamine are connected – and why targeted gut care can alleviate symptoms.

The gut as the control center of immune defense

70% of the immune system is located in the gut

The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is a complex network of immune cells situated in the intestinal lining. These cells determine whether a substance (e.g., nutrients) is tolerated or fought off as a threat. The gut microbiome – the entirety of all gut bacteria – is crucial for this defense.
  • Training for immune cells:
    Gut bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids like butyrate, which inhibit inflammation and "train" immune cells. Studies show: A diverse gut flora reduces the risk of autoimmune diseases and allergies.
  • Barrier function:
    The intestinal wall prevents harmful substances from entering the bloodstream. If this barrier is permeable ("Leaky Gut"), toxins and undigested food components can trigger inflammation.

Dysbiosis – When the microbiome gets out of balance

Disturbed gut flora (dysbiosis) is often caused by:
  • An unbalanced diet (e.g., high sugar, low fiber)
  • Chronic stress
  • Medications such as antibiotics
Stressed people
Consequences include:
  • Weakening of the immune defense
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Histamine issues: Certain bacteria produce histamine themselves or block its breakdown.

Histamine intolerance: When the gut becomes the problem

DAO enzyme – The natural histamine degrader

One of the two enzymes primarily responsible for histamine degradation is diamine oxidase (DAO). This enzyme is mainly produced in the intestinal lining. With DAO deficiency, histamine increasingly accumulates in the body and can trigger the following symptoms, among others:
  • Skin redness, itching
  • Headaches, migraines, dizziness
  • Digestive issues (diarrhea, bloating)

Gut dysbiosis as a trigger

A study by the University of Bologna (2022) found an increased number of histamine-producing bacteria in patients with histamine intolerance, such as:
  • Staphylococcus
  • Enterobacteriaceae
At the same time, histamine-reducing bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium infantis) were reduced. This leads to a vicious cycle:
  1. Excess histamine enters the blood through a weakened intestinal barrier.
  2. Chronic inflammation further inhibits DAO production.
  3. Histamine-related symptoms like skin rashes or digestive complaints intensify.

Intestinal villi

Probiotics for histamine issues: Targeted gut support

How probiotics can help

Specifically selected probiotics can have a positive influence on the gut despite histamine issues:
  • Inhibiting histamine-producing bacteria:
    Strains such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium longum displace harmful germs.
  • Strengthening the intestinal barrier:
    Probiotics can promote the production of mucosal cells and close gaps in the intestinal epithelium.
  • Anti-inflammatory effects:
    Certain bacteria produce butyrate, which can reduce chronic inflammation.

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Tips for a healthy gut and a strong immune system despite histamine issues

Diet:

  • Fiber:
    At least 30 g daily (e.g., pumpkin seeds, oatmeal, vegetables) – they are food for good gut bacteria.
  • Low-histamine foods:
    Fresh vegetables (zucchini, broccoli), gluten-free grains (quinoa, rice), lean meat (as fresh as possible).
  • Caution with fermented foods:
    Sauerkraut or kimchi are probiotic, but are generally unsuitable for a low-histamine diet.

Stress management:

  • Chronic stress can increase histamine levels and damage the intestinal barrier.
  • Practical tips: Yoga, breathing exercises, or 10 minutes of daily meditation.

Conclusion: Gut health as the key to well-being

A healthy gut is the foundation for a strong immune system – and is particularly decisive for histamine intolerance. Through targeted gut care with probiotic bacteria, a low-histamine diet, and stress reduction, you can:
  • Increase DAO activity
  • Reduce chronic inflammation
  • Alleviate symptoms like skin redness or digestive issues
Note:
This article is for general information purposes and does not replace medical advice. If you suspect histamine intolerance, please consult a physician or nutritionist.

 
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Sources

  • Maintz, L. & Novak, N. (2007). Histamine and histamine intolerance. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
  • Schink, M. et al. (2018). Microbial patterns in patients with histamine intolerance. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology.
  • Sánchez-Pérez et al. (2022). Intestinal Dysbiosis in Patients with Histamine Intolerance. Nutrients. (PMC9102523)
  • EU Regulation on health claims (No. 432/2012).


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